Today, we'll discuss some commonly used steel types and their properties in factories.

1. 45-High-Quality Carbon Structural Steel

• Features: Most commonly used medium-carbon quenched and tempered steel. Good mechanical properties, low hardenability, and prone to cracking during water quenching.
• Applications: Turbine impellers, compressor pistons, shafts, gears, racks, worms. Requires preheating before welding and annealing post-welding to relieve stress.

2. Q235A (A3 Steel)

• Features: High plasticity, toughness, welding performance, cold stamping performance, strength, and cold bending performance.
• Applications: General parts and welded structures like tie rods, connecting rods, pins, shafts, screws, nuts, rings, brackets, machine bases, building structures, and bridges.

3. 40Cr - Alloy Structural Steel

• Features: Good mechanical properties after quenching and tempering, low-temperature impact toughness, low notch sensitivity, good hardenability, high fatigue strength with oil cooling. Poor weldability.
• Applications: Machine tool gears, shafts, worms, spline shafts, thimble sleeves. Suitable for parts requiring high surface hardness and wear resistance.

4. HT150 - Gray Cast Iron

• Applications: Gearboxes, boxes, hydraulic cylinders, pump bodies, valve bodies, flywheels, cylinder heads, pulleys, bearing covers. Machine tool beds use HT250 or HT300.

5. 35 - Standard Parts and Fasteners

• Features: Good strength and plasticity, high cold plasticity, acceptable weldability, suitable for partial upsetting and wire drawing in cold state. Low hardenability.
• Applications: Small-section parts and parts with large loads like crankshafts, levers, connecting rods, hook rings, and various standard parts.

6. 65Mn - Spring Steel

• Applications: Small-sized flat and round springs, seat springs, valve springs, clutch reeds, brake springs, cold-rolled spiral springs, and retaining springs.

7. 0Cr18Ni9 - Stainless Steel (304, SUS304)

• Features and Applications: Widely used in food equipment and general chemical equipment.

8. Cr12 - Cold Working Die Steel (D3, SKD1)

• Features: High-carbon and high-chromium steel, good hardenability and wear resistance, prone to cracking and uneven eutectic carbides.
• Applications: Cold stamping dies, punches, blanking dies, cold heading dies, cold extrusion dies, drill sleeves, gauges, wire drawing dies, stamping dies, thread rolling plates, and powder metallurgy cold pressing dies.

9. DC53 - Japanese Imported Cold Working Die Steel

• Features: High strength and toughness, good wire cutting performance after high-temperature tempering.
• Applications: Precision cold stamping dies, drawing dies, thread rolling dies, cold blanking dies, punches.

10. SM45 - Carbon Plastic Mold Steel (S45C)

• Applications: General use in molds and tools.

11. DCCr12MoV - Wear-Resistant Chromium Steel

• Features: Improved carbide uniformity, good hardenability, high toughness, minimal volume change during quenching.
• Applications: Large-section molds, complex shapes, large impact molds like stretching dies, punching dies, blanking dies, trimming dies, rolling dies, wire drawing dies, cold extrusion dies, cold cutting scissors, circular saws, standard tools, measuring tools.

12. D2 - High Carbon High Chromium Cold Working Steel

• Features: High hardenability, wear resistance, good high-temperature oxidation resistance, minimal heat treatment deformation.
• Applications: Cold working molds, tools, measuring tools requiring high precision and long life.

13. SKD11 (SLD) - Non-Deformation Tough High Chromium Steel

• Features: Improved strength and toughness, increased wear resistance and tempering resistance.
• Applications: High-requirement molds like drawing molds and impact grinding wheel molds.

14. DC53 - High Toughness High Chromium Steel

• Features: Higher hardness after high-temperature tempering, improved strength and wear resistance, reduced residual stress.
• Applications: Precision stamping dies, cold forging, deep drawing dies.

15. SKH-9 - General High-Speed Steel

• Features: High wear resistance and toughness.
• Applications: Cold forging dies, strip cutting machines, drills, reamers, punches.

16. ASP-23 - Powder Metallurgy High-Speed Steel

• Features: Uniform carbide distribution, high wear resistance, high toughness, easy processing, stable dimensions after heat treatment.
• Applications: Long-life cutting tools like punches, deep drawing dies, drilling dies, milling cutters, and shear blades.

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