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7075 Aluminum Plate
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7075 Aluminum Plate is a high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy widely used in aerospace and high-performance engineering. It is one of the most representative materials in the 7000 series, which is known for heat-treatable strengthening through zinc-based precipitation hardening.
Unlike general aluminum alloys, the 7000 series focuses on strength-first design, often sacrificing corrosion resistance and weldability for mechanical performance.
7075 Aluminum Plate Chemical Composition (Typical ASTM Standard Range)
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Aluminum (Al) | Balance |
| Zinc (Zn) | 5.1 – 6.1 |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 2.1 – 2.9 |
| Copper (Cu) | 1.2 – 2.0 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.18 – 0.28 |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 0.50 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 0.40 |
The combination of Zn + Mg + Cu creates strong precipitation hardening phases (MgZn₂), which is the main reason for its high strength level.
Mechanical Properties of 7075-T6 (Industry Typical Data)
| Property | Value Range |
| Tensile Strength | 510 – 570 MPa |
| Yield Strength | 430 – 505 MPa |
| Elongation | 5 – 11% |
| Hardness | ~150 HB |
| Density | 2.81 g/cm³ |
7075-T6 is widely recognized as one of the highest-strength commercial aluminum alloys.
7075 Compared with Other 7000 Series Alloys
The 7000 series includes multiple alloys designed for different engineering priorities: strength, toughness, corrosion resistance, and weldability.
| Alloy | Strength Level | Corrosion Resistance | Stress Corrosion Resistance | Machinability | Industrial Focus |
| 7075 | Very High | Medium | Relatively lower | Good | Aerospace, molds, high-load parts |
| 7050 | High | Better than 7075 | High resistance | Good | Aircraft structural forgings |
| 7475 | High | High | High | Medium | Aircraft sheet & fuselage skins |
| 7049 | Very High | Medium | Medium | Good | Forged aerospace components |
| 7020 | Medium-High | Good | Good | Good | Welded structures, transport |
Key Real Differences in Engineering Use
1. Strength vs Toughness Balance
- 7075 provides the highest tensile strength in common 7000 alloys
- 7050 and 7475 are designed to improve fracture toughness and fatigue resistance
- Aerospace structures often prefer 7050/7475 over 7075 in critical load-bearing skins
2. Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)
- 7075 is more sensitive to SCC in high-stress + humid environments
- 7050 and 7475 reduce this risk through modified alloying and heat treatment control
- This is why aircraft structural parts increasingly move away from pure 7075 in critical zones
3. Corrosion Resistance
- 7075: moderate, requires anodizing or coating in outdoor use
- 7050/7475: improved resistance due to lower Cu content and optimized microstructure
4. Weldability Reality
All major 7000 series alloys, including 7075, have poor weldability due to:
- Hot cracking risk
- Strength loss in heat-affected zones
Industrial practice typically uses:
- Mechanical fastening
- Riveting
- Friction stir welding (limited cases)
5. Machining Performance
7075 is widely used in CNC machining because:
- Stable chip formation
- High rigidity
- Good dimensional accuracy after heat treatment
It is commonly used in precision molds and aerospace components.
Industrial Application Comparison
7075 Aluminum Plate Applications
- Aircraft fittings and structural components
- High-stress mechanical parts
- Mold bases and tooling plates
- Defense and aerospace engineering
- High-performance bicycle and automotive parts
Other 7000 Series Applications
- 7050: aircraft wing structures, thick forgings
- 7475: aircraft skin panels requiring crack resistance
- 7049: aerospace forgings and landing gear parts
- 7020: welded structural frames and transport systems
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