500°C Hardfacing Failure Mechanism Thermal Fatigue and Layer Spalling

Learn why hardfacing performance changes above 500°C, from gradual wear loss to layer peeling caused by oxidation, thermal fatigue, and interface failure.

Hardfacing Layer Metallography: Carbide Type, Size & Distribution

Learn how optical metallography evaluates carbide type, morphology, size, spacing, and distribution in hardfacing layers, and when SEM-EDS or XRD is needed.

Stress-Relief Cracking in Hardfacing: Normal vs Defect Cracks

Learn how to distinguish acceptable stress-relief cracking from defective cracking in hardfacing layers using crack location, depth, pattern, and inspection methods.

Dilution Control in Custom Hardfacing: Why Two Layers Matter

Learn how dilution affects hardfacing chemistry, carbide formation, hardness, and wear performance, and why two-layer deposition is often preferred.

Cr/Mo/Ni Hardfacing for Wet Slurry Corrosion and Wear

Learn how Cr, Mo, and Ni balance corrosion resistance, carbide wear resistance, matrix toughness, and dilution control in wet slurry hardfacing.